Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas & Cancer Genome Grid

Introduction

In India, where the burden of cancer is rapidly increasing, there has been a lack of genetic data specific to Indian patients. To bridge this gap, IIT Madras has developed the “Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas” and “Bharat Cancer Genome Grid”, marking a significant advancement in Indian medical research.

This represents an important scientific milestone taken by India towards Precision Medicine.

1️⃣ Objective and Nature of the Project

This initiative was developed as a result of research conducted over the past 5 years.

• Collection of tissue samples from breast cancer patients across the country
• Analysis of genetic mutations
• Publication as an online database

👉 This is the first national database reflecting the genetic characteristics of Indian patients.

2️⃣ Need in the Indian Context

So far, international studies were largely based on Western patient data.
Genetic variations among Indian patients were not adequately considered.

As a result:
• Differences in drug effectiveness
• Lack of precision in treatment plans
• Absence of India-specific precision medicine

👉 This database fills that scientific gap.
👉 This relates to Biotechnology – Genomics – Precision Medicine.

3️⃣ Cancer – Situation in India

According to the ICMR – National Cancer Registry Programme:
• One in nine people faces cancer risk
• Around 2.5 million people are affected
• Annual increase of about 12.8%

According to GLOBOCAN 2022 data:
• Rising incidence among the 20–40 age group
• Increase in breast, thyroid, oral, tongue, and colorectal cancers
• Higher impact among women

👉 This relates to Public Health – Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs).

4️⃣ Socio-Economic Challenges

• High cost of genetic testing
• Even though costs have reduced by 30–40%, access remains limited
• Shortage of genetic counsellors, molecular pathologists, and bioinformaticians
• Limited insurance coverage
• Advanced treatment facilities concentrated in urban centers

👉 This relates to Health Infrastructure – Inequality in Access.

5️⃣ Policy Linkages with Government Initiatives

National Health Policy 2017 – Preventive & promotive healthcare
Ayushman Bharat – PMJAY
Digital Health Mission (ABDM)
NCD Screening Programme

This Genome Atlas project will provide scientific support to these initiatives.

6️⃣ Required Changes at the District Level

• Early-stage screening in taluk hospitals
• Expansion of insurance coverage for genetic testing
• Training of medical professionals
• Integration with AI & Big Data

👉 This will move India towards Affordable Precision Medicine.

Conclusion / Way Forward

Cancer is not just a medical problem; it is also a socio-economic challenge.

Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas:
• Helps design treatments tailored to Indian patients
• Accelerates drug discovery
• Reduces healthcare costs
• Enhances India’s contribution to global research

👉 This aligns with the goals of Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, representing a step toward healthcare self-reliance.