Uniform Civil Code - UCC

1. What is Uniform Civil Code?

Uniform Civil Code (UCC) refers to implementing the same set of civil laws for all citizens irrespective of religion.
The major aspects included are:
Marriage, Divorce, Inheritance, Adoption.

Currently in India, these matters are governed by religion-based personal laws.
Example: Hindu Law, Muslim Law

2. Constitutional Connection

Article 44 of the Indian Constitution states:
"State shall endeavour to secure a Uniform Civil Code"

This comes under Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP).
That means it is not legally binding, but the government should make efforts to implement it.

3. Key Features of Gujarat UCC Bill

Based on the news, the proposed features in Gujarat include:

Uniform rules for all religions
Ban on polygamy
Mandatory registration of marriage and live-in relationships
Violation may lead to imprisonment up to 7 years

4. Reasons for Opposition

Mainly opposed by the Muslim Personal Law Board.

Against freedom of religion (Article 25 – Freedom of Religion)
Constitutional conflict
Violation of individual rights
Allegation of political motives

5. Judicial Status

A similar law has already been implemented in Uttarakhand.

Currently, cases related to this law are pending in the High Court.

6. Supporting Arguments

Ensures gender equality
Promotes national integration through a uniform law
Protects women’s rights

7. Opposing Arguments

Impacts freedom of religion
Reduces cultural diversity
Affects minority rights

Summary (Key Points)

UCC → Article 44 (DPSP)
Same civil law for all religions
Gujarat Bill → Ban on polygamy, mandatory registration
Opposition → Article 25 (Freedom of Religion)
Core debate → Equality vs Religious Freedom

TNPSC Important Questions

“UCC – Pros & Cons”
“Article 44 vs Article 25”