Election Manifestos – A Tool for Success

What is an Election Manifesto?

An election manifesto is a document of promises released by political parties contesting elections.
It includes plans and policies aimed at gaining public support.
It serves as a guide for voters.

Global Politics & Election Scenario

There are different forms of governance across the world:
Monarchy (e.g., Saudi Arabia)
Democracy (e.g., India)

Not all democratic countries conduct elections;
Some countries do not have political parties at all.

Examples: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Afghanistan under Taliban rule.

History of Elections – Key Facts

139 BC – Ballot system in Rome
Chola period – Kudavolai system (ancient election method)
1295 – Formation of British Parliament
1787 – Electoral system in the USA
1789 – French Revolution → Expansion of voting rights
1850 – Secret ballot system in Australia

Growth of Voting Rights

1867 & 1884 – Voting rights for workers and farmers
1920 – Voting rights for women in India (Madras Presidency)
After 1928 – Equal voting rights for both men and women worldwide

Development of Elections in India

1919 – Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms → Provincial elections
25-01-1950 – Formation of Election Commission of India
1952 – First General Elections
From 1990 – Use of EVM (Electronic Voting Machine)
Up to 2024 – 18 General Elections conducted

Origin of Election Manifesto

1535 – First election manifesto in France
1620 – Usage of the term “Election Manifesto”
1937 – Indian National Congress released its manifesto

Importance of Election Manifesto

Initially (1952–1970): Low impact

Later:
Welfare schemes and freebies for the poor were included.

After 2000:
It became a key tool in determining electoral success.

Why is it Important?

A political magnet that attracts voters
Helps voters make informed choices
Reveals the future plans of political parties

Summary (Key Points)

Election Manifesto = Promise document of political parties
Diverse election systems exist worldwide
Rapid development of elections in India after 1950
After 2000, manifestos became crucial for victory
A bridge of trust between people and political parties