Evolution & Genetics - PYQ Points

1. Evolution

• Theory of Use and Disuse: Proposed by Lamarck.
• Theory of Natural Selection: Proposed by Charles Darwin. He conducted his research in 1835 in the Galapagos Islands.
• Germplasm Theory: Proposed by August Weismann.
• Java Ape Man: The fossil Pithecanthropus erectus was discovered by Dubois.
• Mimicry: A phenomenon in which one organism resembles another to escape from predators.
• Hybrid: The cross between a horse and a donkey is called a Mule.

2. Genetics

• Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel. The genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross is 1:2:1.
• DNA Helicase: The enzyme involved in separating the two strands of DNA.
• Mutation: A sudden change occurring in genes or chromosomes.
• Polytene Chromosomes: First discovered in Chironomus.
• Genetic Drift: Also known as the "Sewall Wright Effect".
• Pleiotropy: A single pair of genes controlling multiple traits.

Important Scientists - Fields

3. Chromosomes and