Judiciary in India
PART-A Unit-IV: Indian Polity
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The Indian Judiciary – PYQ Points
• Structure: The Indian Judiciary has an integrated single-tier system.
• Guardian: The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Indian Constitution.
• Source: The concepts of Judicial Review and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) were borrowed from the United States of America.
• Guardian: The Supreme Court is the guardian of the Indian Constitution.
• Source: The concepts of Judicial Review and Public Interest Litigation (PIL) were borrowed from the United States of America.
1. Supreme Court of India
- Establishment: January 28, 1950. (Before this, there was a Federal Court under the Government of India Act, 1935).
- Articles: Part V, Articles 124 to 147 explain the Supreme Court.
- Appointment: The Chief Justice and other judges are appointed by the President of India.
- Qualifications: Must be a citizen of India; should have been a High Court judge for 5 years or an advocate for 10 years.
- Retirement Age: 65 years.
Important Articles
| Article | Description |
|---|---|
| Article 32 | Right to Constitutional Remedies (Writ Jurisdiction). |
| Article 126 | Appointment of Acting Chief Justice. |
| Article 130 | Seat of the Supreme Court (can sit anywhere in India if required). |
| Article 136 | Power to grant Special Leave Petition (SLP). |
| Article 137 | Power to review its own judgments. |
| Article 143 | Advisory jurisdiction – Power to advise |
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