Early agitations against British Rule

1. The Palayakkarar (Poligar) System

The term “Palayam” refers to a domain, military camp, or small kingdom. The Palayakkarar (Poligar) system was originally practiced in the Kakatiya Kingdom. It was introduced in Tamil Nadu in 1529 by Viswanatha Nayak with the support of Ariyanatha Mudaliar. Traditionally, there were 92 Palayakkarars governing different regions in Tamil Nadu under this system.

2. Puli Thevar (Nerkattumseval)

Puli Thevar was the first Palayakkarar to resist British rule in Tamil Nadu. He ruled the region of Nerkattumseval and successfully defeated General Alexander Heron. He attempted to gain support from the French and Hyder Ali, but Hyder Ali was unable to assist due to his conflict with the Marathas. Yusuf Khan (Khan Sahib), who was associated with Captain Campbell, was later charged with treachery and hanged in 1764. After the death of Yusuf Khan, Puli Thevar recaptured Nerkattumseval in 1764. However, it is important to note that Puli Thevar did not control the Sivagiri Fort.

3. Velu Nachiyar (Sivagangai)

Velu Nachiyar, born as a princess of Ramanathapuram, later became the Queen of Sivagangai. She is recognized as the first queen in India